Comparing Stainless Steel Sheets: 409 vs. 410 vs. 410S vs. 420 vs. 430 vs. 440 vs. 446

Each stainless steel sheet has its own unique chemical composition and characteristics, suitable for different application areas.
 
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Here’s a comparative overview of various stainless steel grades, specifically focusing on 409 stainless steel sheets, 410&410S stainless steel sheets420 stainless steel sheets430 stainless steel sheets440 stainless steel sheets, and 446 stainless steel sheets. Each grade has unique properties, compositions, and applications.

Equivalent Grades of Stainless Steel Sheets  409/410/420/430/440/446

GradeWERKSTOFF NR.UNSSAETOCTAFNORBSJIS
SS 4091.4512S4090040909Cr17Z3CT12409 S 19SUS 409
SS 4101.4006S4100041010Cr13410S21SUS 410
SS 4201.4021S4200042013Cr14SUS 420
SS 4301.4016S4300043016Cr17BF Z 3 CN 19-09SUS 430
SS 4401.4125S4400044016Cr17SUS 440
SS 4461.4762S4460044623Cr22SUS 446

Chemical Composition of Stainless Steel Sheets

 409/410/420/430/440/446
GradesC (%)Ni (%)Si (%)S (%)Mn (%)P (%)Cr (%)Ti (%)
SS 4090.080.51.00.0451.00.04510.5 – 11.75
SS 4100.15 max0.5 max1.00.0301.00.04011.5 – 13.5
SS 4200.15 max0.51.00.0301.00.04012.0 – 14.0
SS 4300.121.00.0301.01.00.04016.0 – 18.0
SS 4400.95 – 1.201.00.0301.00.04016.0 – 18.0
SS 4460.15 max1.00.0301.00.04023.0 – 27.0

Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel Sheets

 409/410/420/430/440/446

GradesDensity (g/cm³)Melting Point (°C)Tensile Strength (MPa)Yield Strength (MPa)Elongation (%)Hardness (Brinell)Hardness (Rockwell B)
SS 4098.0145751520535
SS 4107.7515304502052021796
SS 4207.715305302502289183
SS 4307.715104502052289183
SS 4407.7150062034525175

Key Differences Between the Grades

  • Corrosion Resistance: Grades such as 430 and 446 offer excellent corrosion resistance, particularly in mildly corrosive environments. In contrast, 410 and 420 are less corrosion-resistant but provide superior hardness.
  • Strength and Hardness: 440C stands out for its high hardness and wear resistance, making it ideal for cutting tools, whereas 409 and 430 are softer but offer better formability.
  • High-Temperature Performance: 446 is the best choice for high-temperature applications due to its exceptional resistance to oxidation at elevated temperatures. Other grades like 409 and 410S also perform well in high-temperature conditions but lack the extreme resistance of 446.

Choosing the Right Stainless Steel for Your Application

The selection of the appropriate stainless steel grade depends on the specific requirements of your application. If corrosion resistance in moderately aggressive environments is a priority, 430 or 409 may be the ideal choice. For applications that require high strength and wear resistance, such as cutting tools, 420 or 440C would be more suitable. For high-temperature environments, 446 offers unmatched oxidation resistance, making it the material of choice for furnace components and heat exchangers.

Conclusion

Each grade of stainless steel in the 400 series has its unique properties and advantages. Whether you need corrosion resistance, high strength, or durability at elevated temperatures, one of these stainless steels can meet your needs. When choosing a material, consider the specific requirements of your application, including environmental conditions, mechanical stress, and temperature. This guide provides a starting point for selecting the right stainless steel sheet for your project, ensuring long-lasting performance and reliability.

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